Ensuring the correct limitation of Records within a generic function

I am currently working on defining a generic TypeScript function that can accept a Record<number, boolean> and return the same value. The challenge I am facing is ensuring that the input type remains generic and is reflected accurately in the output. I have noticed that when I call the function and pass something other than a number (specifically a string) as the record key, I do not receive an error:

const func = <T extends Record<number, boolean>>(input: T): T => input;

const x = func({
    1: true,
    test: false // <-- no error shown
})

If I inline the type Record<number, boolean>, it works but then I lose the ability to use it in my return type:

const func2 = (input: Record<number, boolean>): Record<number, boolean> => input;

const y = func2({
    1: true,
    test: false // <-- error detected
});
// ^? y: Record<number, boolean> - and not { 1: true }

I am looking for a way to constrain my types so that errors are caught for the input while also maintaining the integrity of the output type.

Disclaimer: This example has been simplified. In actual code, there are more generic parameters at play and T is utilized in various instances, including in a more complex return type based on T.

Answer №1

Typescript allows object types to be open and extendible rather than sealed or exact. When using a constraint like T extends U, it is possible for type T to have more keys than specified in type U. There has been a long-standing issue requesting "exact" types, where T extends Exact<U> would restrict extra keys in T, but this feature is not yet available.

Instead of using

T extends Record<number, boolean>
which only specifies requirements for numeric keys with boolean values, you can create a recursive constraint like this:

 const func = 
   <const T extends { [K in keyof T]: K extends number ? boolean : never }>(
     input: T
   ): T => input;

This constrains T to have numeric keys with boolean values and all other keys to have properties of the impossible never type. This will result in errors when unexpected key-value pairs are present:

const y = func({ 1: true, test: false }); // error!
// ---------------------> ~~~~
// Type 'boolean' is not assignable to type 'never'.(2322)

If you also want to preserve information about the literal type of boolean properties in T, you can make it a const type parameter as shown above:

const x = func({ 1: true, 2: false });
/* const x: {
    readonly 1: true;
    readonly 2: false;
} */  

Playground link to code

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