Narrowing Types Based on a Conditional List of Keys

Below is the code snippet I am currently working with:

type AlphaNumeric = string | number | null | boolean | undefined;

type AlphaNumericKeys<T> = {
    [key in keyof T]: key extends string ? (T[key] extends AlphaNumeric ? key : never) : never;
}[keyof T];

This code functions effectively by providing all keys of a generic object T that have values fitting the AlphaNumeric criteria (which I use for sorting arrays based on specific keys).

For instance, considering a person object, the AlphaNumeric keys would be as follows:

type Person = {
    name: string;
    age: number;
    friends: Person[];
    doSomething: Function;
}
type PersonAlphaNumericKeys = AlphaNumericKeys<Person> // "name" | "age"

While this setup works flawlessly up to this point, an issue arises when using these keys on object T.

type AlphaNumericValuesOfPerson = Person[AlphaNumericKeys<Person>] // string | number

Although it seems logical initially, things tend to break down when incorporating generics.

type SomeValues<T> = T[AlphaNumericKeys<T>] // T[AlphaNumericKeys<T>], rather than just AlphaNumeric as anticipated.

I am seeking a solution to make T[AlphaNumericKeys] possess the same type or at least be assignable to AlphaNumeric. This way, if there is a function that requires AlphaNumeric input, passing T[AlphaNumericKeys] should work seamlessly.

Answer №1

It's evident that SomeValues<T> can be more specific than AlphaNumeric, so it shouldn't directly default to AlphaNumeric:

type S = SomeValues<{ a: 1, b: "foo", c: false, d: Date }>;
// type S = false | 1 | "foo" // a proper subtype of AlphaNumeric

However, the issue arises when the generic SomeValues<T> is not recognized as an extension of AlphaNumeric without specifying T:

function oops<T>(x: SomeValues<T>) {
    const y: AlphaNumeric = x; // error!
    // Type 'SomeValues<T>' is not assignable to type 'AlphaNumeric'.
}

This limitation stems from TypeScript's design. Visit microsoft/TypeScript#30728 for more information. The core concept of SomeValues involves a conditional type like

(T[K] extends AlphaNumeric ? ...)
. When the compiler encounters such conditional types depending on unspecified parameters like T, it defers evaluating them, making it challenging to verify assignability. The compiler lacks the reasoning ability to link SomeValues<T> with
AlphaNumeric</code.</p>
<hr />
<p>To workaround this and explicitly inform the compiler that <code>SomeValues<T>
will always be assignable to
AlphaNumeric</code, adjust its definition:</p>
<pre><code>type SomeValues<T> = Extract<T[AlphaNumericKeys<T>], AlphaNumeric>

Here, the Extract utility type filters T[AlphaNumericKeys<T>] to include only members assigned to AlphaNumeric. This modification remains unaffected by specific values of T:

type S = SomeValues<{ a: 1, b: "foo", c: false, d: Date }>;
// type S = false | 1 | "foo" // unchanged

The compiler now acknowledges that Extract<X, Y> is always assignable to

Y</code, overcoming the assignability problem:</p>
<pre><code>function okay<T>(x: SomeValues<T>) {
    const y: AlphaNumeric = x; // no error
}

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