Offering a limited selection of generic type options in TypeScript

Is there a shorthand in TypeScript for specifying only some optional types for generic types? For example, let's say I have a class with optional types:

class GenericClass<A extends Type1 = Type1, B extends Type2 = Type2, C extends Type3 = Type3>

I want to create a subclass like:

class Subclass extends GenericClass<TypeB>
, which should be equivalent to
class Subclass extends GenericClass<Type1, TypeB, Type3>
. However, this approach results in an error as TypeScript tries to infer TypeB as a subtype of Type1. It would be helpful for me, particularly in defining generic React components where I need to specify the state type but not necessarily the props.

Am I correct in assuming that all preceding optional types must be provided when specifying an optional type? Or is there a way to achieve what I'm attempting?

In the case of optional function arguments, one can simply specify undefined for the preceding optionals. This method doesn't work for generics though. I also attempted using void instead, but to no avail. Additionally, I tried syntax like

Subclass extends GenericClass<B = TypeB>
, but that also proved unsuccessful.

I've come across suggestions to replace optional function arguments with an interface, such as:

interface Args { a?: number, b?: string, c?: any}
function myFunc(Args) {}

This allows calling myFunc({b: "value"}); without needing to do myFunc(undefined, "value");. While this solution feels inadequate, is it possible to apply something similar to generic types? I'm uncertain about how that could be implemented.

Another approach I experimented with involved overloading the type like

type GenericClass<B extends Type2> = GenericClass<Type1, B, Type3>
. Unfortunately, this method failed unless I used a different name, like GenericClassB.

Answer №1

As of TypeScript 5.1, the feature you are searching for is not yet available. Generic type arguments can only be omitted if they have defaults and skipping any is not allowed. However, there are some open feature requests that could potentially address your needs:

  • A request for partial type argument inference has been made in microsoft/TypeScript#26242. This proposal includes the possibility of using a "sigil" or "placeholder" type like GenericClass<*, TypeB, *>.

  • There is also a request for named type arguments in microsoft/TypeScript#38913, where syntax like GenericClass<B=TypeB> may be used.

  • Despite workarounds such as using a single type parameter constrained to an Args type with optional properties, TypeScript struggles to infer index access types as detailed in its documentation. There is a pending feature request at microsoft/TypeScript#51612 aiming to solve this issue.

Though there are pull requests addressing some of these concerns, until officially implemented, workarounds will be necessary.

Answer №2

When working with classes, using the type keyword is a simple way to define custom types in TypeScript. For example, you can create a tuple type like this:

type CustomTuple<T1, T2, T3> = [T1, T2, T3]

const myTuple: CustomTuple<number, string, boolean> = [1, 'hello', true]

type NamedCustomTuple<T1, T2> = CustomTuple<string, T1, T2>

const namedTuple: NamedCustomTuple<number, boolean> = ['example', 42,...

Check out this TypeScript Playground Link for more details.

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