Tips for handling mismatched function parameters in TypeScript when using an unspecified data type

Even though I wish it wasn't the case, TypeScript accepts the code below in strict mode. The function's value argument is defined as either an unknown or an any type, meaning it can be anything at this point as it is being passed along.

However, due to unknown matching and the allowance for a reduction in the number of arguments, the test call is still accepted.

interface Mine { x: number }

function handle(
  field: number,
  onChange: (field:Mine, value: unknown) => void,
) {
}

function testCall() {
  handle(123, (value: unknown) => {})
}

Is there a way to prevent functions from accepting fewer arguments than expected? And is there a way to decline implicit conversions to unknown?

Answer №1

When a function requires fewer arguments, it can be substituted for a function that requires more arguments. Similarly, a function that accepts wider types of arguments can be used in place of a function that only accepts narrower types. (Documentation)

For example, the function (value: unknown) => void can actually handle 2 parameters, and because the type of value is unknown, it should be capable of handling a value of type Mine.

An illustrative instance of this concept is when using .map. Even though map has arguments for the index and the original array, .map((v: unknown) => `${v}`) still functions correctly.


If it's crucial to ensure that a type is always included, an alternative approach could involve using a class with properties instead of arguments, along with a main method that doesn't require any arguments:

abstract class OnChange {
  private field: Mine;
  private value: unknown;
  public constructor (field: Mine, value: unknown) { this.field = field; this.value = value; }
  public abstract main(): void;
}

However, this method may seem more complicated than necessary, so sticking to functions with adjustable arguments as originally intended might be the simpler choice.

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