Using a type guard with generic types

Currently, I am in the process of developing an API model that has the capability to provide two different types of outputs depending on whether the response was returned correctly or not.

  • If the response is correct: IApiResponse<T>, where T denotes the desired data type for the output.

  • If the response is wrong/error: The returned response will be of type IApiResponse<IApiError>.

export interface IApiResponse<T> {
  data: T | IApiError
  originalResponse: AxiosResponse<any, any> | null
  ok: boolean
  statusCode: number | undefined
  error: string | null // represents our own error system
  attribute: string | null // represents our own error system
  errorDetail: string | null // represents our own error system
}

In this setup, the data can either match the specified type when the response function is executed, or it can correspond to an error type if there are any issues. The structure for the error type is defined as follows:

export interface IApiError {
  type: string
  errors: {
    code: string
    detail: string
    attr: string
  }[]
}

Upon calling my function and receiving a response, the type of the response appears as 'undefined,' which necessitates the utilization of a type guard to distinguish between IApiResponse<T> and IApiResponse<IApiError>. A simplified implementation of this concept is provided below (additional checks may also be conducted, with the 'ok' value serving as a key indicator).

export function isSuccessResponse<T>(response: any): response is IApiResponse<T> {
  return response.ok
}

However, when attempting to employ this type guard within my application, the inferred type becomes 'never.'

      if (isSuccessResponse<IAvailableSport[]>(response)) {
        console.log(typeof response)
      }

Although I have confirmed that the response is indeed accurate and contains the 'ok' property set to true, the type displayed by VS Code shifts to 'never' upon hovering over it.

Could there be an oversight on my end? Any insights would be greatly appreciated!

Answer №1

It seems like your current typeguard isn't doing much, as IApiResponse<T> always contains data of either type T or IApiError. What you're really looking for is a typeguard that specifically checks if the data matches the type T.

export function checkDataIsOfType<T>(response: any, data: T | IApiError): data is T {
    return response.ok;
}

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