Using Typescript to identify the specific subtype of an object within a union type based on the properties it contains

I am trying to create a carousel that displays items of two different types (FirstType, SecondType). The carousel component I am using requires an array as input, so I have declared the items as an array union like this:

type FirstType = {
  a: 'first',
  b: number
}

type SecondType = { 
  b: string
}

type Items = (FirstType | SecondType)[]

In my render function, I receive an Item of type FirstType | SecondType. To determine the type, I planned on checking the presence of the key a, which is unique to FirstType:

const renderItem = (item: FirstType | SecondType) => {
  if (item.a === 'first') {
    // Item is of type FirstType
  } else {
    // Item is of type SecondType
  }
}

However, I encountered an error when implementing this code:

Property 'a' does not exist on type FirstType | SecondType

How can I successfully perform this check in TypeScript?

Playground link

Answer №1

One of the most secure methods to achieve this is by using a personalized type-guard

function checkFirstType(item: FirstType | SecondType): item is FirstType {
  return (item as FirstType).a === "first"; //or any other distinguishing factor
}

afterwards

const displayItem = (item: FirstType | SecondType) => {
  if (checkFirstType(item)) {
    // item is now narrowed down to FirstType
  } else {
    // item is now narrowed down to SecondType
  }
}

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