What is the best way to define several mapped types in TypeScript?

Imagine you have the following lines of TypeScript code:

type fruit = "apple" | "banana" | "pear"
type color = "red" | "yellow" | "green"

You want to define a type that includes a numeric property for each fruit and a boolean property for each color, like this:

type FruitsAndColors = {
  [key in fruit]: number;
  [key in color]: boolean
}

However, you encounter an error message stating "A mapped type may not declare properties or methods", even though the code compiles successfully. What is really going on here?

To work around this issue, you can do something like this:

type FruitsAndColors = {
  [key in fruit]: number;
} & {
  [key in color]: boolean
}

But it would be helpful to understand the root cause of the problem.

Answer №1

It's not about 'vscode's typescript extension,' it's actually TypeScript. You cannot perform two mappings in a single type construct due to the syntax limitations of the construct.

The correct approach is as follows:

type FruitsAndColors = {
    [key in fruit]: number;
} & {
    [key in color]: boolean
};

However, please note that this type enforces the presence of all six properties in the object. If you don't want this strict requirement, you can add ? after the mapped keys or enclose the entire structure in Partial<>:

type FruitsAndColors = {
    [key in fruit]?: number;
} & {
    [key in color]?: boolean
};
// Or
type FruitsAndColors = Partial<{
    [key in fruit]: number;
} & {
    [key in color]: boolean
}>;

Try out the code on TypeScript Playground

Answer №2

Conditional types can be utilized as well:

type FruitsAndColors = Partial<{
  [Item in (Fruit | Color)]: Item extends Fruit ? number : Item extends Color ? boolean : never;
}>

Playground

Answer №3

When using Typescript syntax for mapped types, it's important to note that multiple mappings are not allowed. However, there are two alternative approaches you can take:

  1. One option is to utilize a type union, similar to the example provided in your inquiry.
  2. Another method is to employ the syntax
    Record<Fruit, number> & Record<Color, boolean>
    .

It is crucial to acknowledge that by implementing these solutions, all properties will become mandatory. If this is not desired, consider wrapping the entire structure in Partial.

For experimentation and further understanding, visit the Typescript Playground

Additionally, bear in mind that type names should commence with an uppercase letter as per TypeScript conventions which aid in better syntax highlighting.

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