What is the method for ensuring TypeScript automatically detects the existence of a property when an object is statically defined?

In my software, I have an interface that serves as a base for other types. To simplify things for this discussion, let's focus on one specific aspect.

This interface includes an optional method called getColor. I am creating an object that implements this interface and statically defines the method getColor, ensuring it is always available.

However, when attempting to use ITEM_CONFIG.getColor, TypeScript raises an error stating "Cannot invoke an object which is possibly 'undefined'.".

How can I instruct TypeScript to acknowledge that in this context, the method is guaranteed to be present?

interface NodeConfig<T extends object | AnyItemData> {
  getColor?: (data: T) => string;
}

export const ITEM_CONFIG: NodeConfig<ItemData> = {
  getColor: (data) => '#ff0000',
};

Answer №1

To ensure compatibility with NodeConfig, you can add as const and validate the constant. Here is an example:

type AnyItemData = { a: string; }

interface NodeConfig<T extends object | AnyItemData> {
  getColor?: (data: T) => string;
}

const validateConfig = (_config: NodeConfig<AnyItemData>) => {}; // no-op

const ITEM_CONFIG = {
  getColor: (data: AnyItemData) => '#ff0000',
} as const;

validateConfig(ITEM_CONFIG); // compiler will flag any incompatibility

console.log(ITEM_CONFIG.getColor({a: "my type"}));

Another approach is to explicitly define types and use Partial as recommended by @Anatoly:

type AnyItemData = { a: string; }

type FullNodeConfig<T extends object | AnyItemData> = {
    getColor: (data: T) => string;
};

type NodeConfig<T extends object | AnyItemData> = Partial<FullNodeConfig<T>>;

const ITEM_CONFIG: FullNodeConfig<AnyItemData> = {
  getColor: (data: AnyItemData) => '#ff0000',
} as const;

console.log(ITEM_CONFIG.getColor({a: "my type"}));

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