Misunderstanding the concept of always being right

Here is a code snippet that raises an error in TypeScript:

class Status { constructor(public content: string){} }

class Visitor
{
  private status: Status | undefined = undefined;

  visit(tree: Tree) {
    if (tree.value > 7) {
      this.status = new Status("good");
      return; // oops ! forgot this return statement
    }

    this.status = undefined;
    if (tree.left) { tree.left.accept(this); }

    if (this.status === undefined) { return; }
    
    // incorrectly infer this.status to be never
    console.log(this.status.content);
  }
}

class Tree {
  constructor(public value: number, public left?: Tree, public right?: Tree){}
  accept(visitor: Visitor) {
    visitor.visit(this);
  }
}

Upon compiling the code using npx tsc --strict main.ts, the following error is generated:

% npx tsc --strict main.ts
main.ts:16:29 - error TS2339: Property 'content' does not exist on type 'never'.

16     console.log(this.status.content);
                               ~~~~~~~

Even after attempting to use this.status!.content, the error persists.

Answer №1

Here's a classic illustration of the well-known problem #9998.

TypeScript involves some compromises when it comes to inference. This becomes evident from the recursive function call you are using.

My recommendation would be to eliminate any side effects in the visit method (avoid modifying the state within the function) and instead, return the updated status.

Answer №2

My problem was easily resolved with a simple fix, providing the type-checker with some assistance:

this.status = undefined as Status | undefined;

Below is the entire code snippet for reference:

class Status { constructor(public content: string){} }

class Visitor
{
  private status: Status | undefined = undefined;

  visit(tree: Tree) {
    if (tree.value > 7) {
      this.status = new Status("good"); 
      return;
    }

    this.status = undefined as Status | undefined;
    if (tree.left) { tree.left.accept(this); }

    if (this.status === undefined) { return; }
    
    // incorrectly infer this.status to be never
    console.log(this.status.content);
  }
}

class Tree {
  constructor(public value: number, public left?: Tree, public right?: Tree){}
  accept(visitor: Visitor) {
    visitor.visit(this);
  }
}

const tree = new Tree(2, new Tree(8), new Tree(1));
const visitor = new Visitor();
tree.accept(visitor);

This piece of code compiles successfully with --strict:

$ npx tsc --strict main.ts
$ node main.js
good

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